Objective: Presence of psychotic symptoms seems to be a commonplace in early-onset bipolar disorder (BD). However, few studies have examined their occurrence in adolescent-onset BD. We sought to investigate the frequency of affective and psychotic symptoms observed during the first manic episode in adolescents. Methods: Forty-nine adolescents with bipolar I disorder (DSM-IV criteria) were admitted to a psychiatric hospital during their first acute manic episode. Assessment for current psychiatric diagnosis was performed by direct clinical interview and the DSM-IV version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). Results: Teenage inpatients with BD consistently exhibited typical manic features, such as euphoria, grandiosity, and psychomotor agitation. In addition, disorganization and psychotic symptoms were present in 82 and 55% of the total sample, respectively. There was no significant difference in symptoms between early- and late-adolescent subgroups. Remarkably, most patients (76%) reported previous depressive episode(s); of these, 47% had prominent psychotic features in the prior depressive period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that disorganization and psychotic symptoms during the first manic episode are salient features in adolescent-onset BD, and that psychotic depression frequently may precede psychotic mania. Nevertheless, differential diagnosis with schizophrenia should be routinely ruled out in cases of early-onset first psychotic episode.

A vertigem postural fóbica (VPF), o segundo diagnóstico mais freqüente em ambulatório de distúrbios vestibulares, é síndrome somatoforme caracterizada por desequilíbrio subjetivo e ataques breves de vertigem em situações específicas. Em período de 18 meses, a VPF foi observada em 41 pacientes, de 251 atendidos. Vinte e seis apresentavam VPF primária; em 65% havia distúrbios de ansiedade ou depressão, e 15 pacientes tiveram diagnóstico de VPF secundária. O exame neurológico e a avaliação complementar foram normais na maioria dos casos. Observou-se resposta favorável ao tratamento (antidepressivos, benzodiazepínicos, psicoterapia e/ou orientações) em 62% dos pacientes, sem diferença entre os grupos de VPF primária e VPF secundária. Apesar da alta prevalência, a VPF é subdiagnosticada. Entretanto, seu reconhecimento é importante para o tratamento adequado, evitando recorrência e incapacitação.

Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is the second most common diagnosis on a dizziness unit. It is a somatoform syndrome characterized as a chronic and incapacitating condition with subjective imbalance and short attacks of dizziness. During a period of 18 months, PPV was observed in 41 patients among 251 of a dizziness unit. Twenty-six had primary PPV, among whom 65% had depressive or anxiety disorders, and 15 patients were diagnosed at secondary PPV. Normal neurological examination and diagnostic tests were observed in most cases. A favorable response to treatment (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, psychotherapy and/or orientation) was observed in 62% of all patients, without difference between both groups - primary and secondary PPV. Despite the high prevalence, PPV is misdiagnosed. Therefore one must attempt to recognize it, since its appropriate treatment prevents recurrence and incapacitation.